Ransomware, banking trojans and adware are real threats to businesses and individuals alike. A handful of basic habits can protect you from the vast majority of attacks.
1. Keep Windows updated
Most Windows updates are security patches that close vulnerabilities actively being exploited by attackers. Turn on automatic updates and don't postpone them.
2. Use Windows Defender (and don't switch it off)
Windows 10 and 11 include Windows Defender, a free antivirus that's more than enough for most home users. You don't need to buy an additional paid antivirus.
3. Be suspicious of email attachments
Email phishing remains the number one infection method. Never open attachments from emails you weren't expecting. The riskiest formats: .exe, .zip files containing executables, .docm, .xlsm.
4. Don't install software from unknown sources
Always download programs from the manufacturer's official site. "Free" software download sites often bundle adware or outright malware.
5. Turn on Windows' ransomware protection
Windows 10 and 11 have a feature called "Controlled folder access" that stops ransomware from modifying your files. Go to "Windows Security → Virus & threat protection → Ransomware protection".
6. Back up regularly
If you suffer a ransomware attack and have a recent backup, you can restore everything without paying the ransom. Use the cloud or an external drive you disconnect after backing up.
7. Use unique passwords and two-factor authentication
If you reuse the same password everywhere and one account is compromised, attackers will try that password on all your other services. A password manager such as Bitwarden (free) generates and remembers unique, strong passwords. Turn on 2FA for email, online banking and social media.
If you already have a virus
Stop using the computer for online banking. Bring it to us — we'll do a full clean-up and explain how to stop it happening again.